What is academic misconduct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What is scholastic wrongdoing - Essay Example Understudies can't be pardoned from such away from of cheating, while it is conceivable that the allegation of scholastic wrongdoing may once in a while hurt those understudies who didn't know in any case that they submitted a slip-up. To dodge this, appropriate measures ought to be taken to tell understudies unmistakably what literary theft means, and how an absence of comprehension about it might prompt scholastic offense. Q: How have you made sense of what cheating is here at college? Who has conversed with you about cheating to enable you to comprehend what is viewed as cheating? Who have you chatted with here at college to enable you to figure out what is viewed as cheating? What are a few things that are viewed as cheating? A: Before I stepped through an examination in the University, I heard that my companion took a similar class at summer and he has the midterm paper for that class. So I solicited the midterm paper from summer and got. At the point when I took the midterm test, I found the midterm test was actually same from the mid year class so I composed what I had. Around then, I never thought this was cheating on the grounds that the different class before I took this class, some educator posted the last semester tests and arrangements and I had utilized those things for my tests. Be that as it may, an understudy lead disclosed to me that was a sort of cheating. First time, I was unable to concur with him. However, I found that I had been mixed up about what cheating was on the grounds that what I wrote in the last test was not from my thought and thinking. Regardless of whether I didn't duplicate from others in a class, on the off chance that I utilized other’s thought or thinking from ou tside source, that could be cheating. The University anticipates that my answers should be unique, in light of my introduction to the subject in my homeroom and through my own perusing and perceptions. In the event that I utilized thoughts and articulations of others without recognizing it, I was submitting literary theft. In addition, one must be straightforward in tests. This is the thing that I learned structure this episode. A: The

Intermodal Transportation in the US Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multi-purpose Transportation in the US - Case Study Example Multi-purpose Transportation in the US Government inclusion in the country’s multi-purpose transportation framework, especially in the load part, would take into account ceaseless development of items by various methods of transport. Congress affirmed the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) as a replacement of ISTEA. This strategy was not as extensive as ISTEA despite the fact that it proceeded with the crusade for intermodalism and focus on the ISTEA undercarriage (Konings et al., 2008). This guideline ensured the thought of freight versatility over the span of the arranging methodology and offered increasingly significant adaptability to finance multi-purpose stations that involve key and minor turnpikes, railroad stations, ocean terminals, and air terminals. Until this law was passed, the test of availability between and among multi-purpose stations was not an essential concern. On the off chance that the national government had organized endeavors to fathom this test, connectors to the count ry’s road framework would have improved multi-purpose benefits and brought down expressway blockage. I additionally concur with the creator that in a free market economy, the industry had been constrained in their capacity to convey advancements in multi-purpose transportation. In the previous 2 Â ½ decades, the development of products has been consistent simply because of intermodalism in the freight business (Holguin-Veras et al., 2008).The most noticeable sign of intermodalism in a free market, for example, the United States is the expansion in holder traffic.

Penn State Abington Essay Samples

Penn State Abington Essay SamplesPenn State Abington essay samples is one of the best places to get good Abington college essays. Students in Abington are expected to read, understand and express the author's opinions in writing. Without these abilities, students might find it difficult to compete for an academic position or get accepted into a good college.Before you select any Penn State Abington essay samples for your own work, you need to know exactly what it requires. You should take into consideration that it should contain ideas about literature, history, politics, science, etc. But you should also know that the assignments given by this Abington writing college will include all the standard English essay topics like idea exchange, argumentation, as well as individual research papers.There are several Abington essay samples for you to choose from, but you must make sure that you pick the right one. You should definitely not select an essay sample that demands too much of your time or have extremely tough standards. You should rather select one that has high quality essays, yet are easy to understand. This essay is highly technical and should be related to subjects on which you already have some knowledge.First of all, you need to find the Penn State Abington essay samples that most closely meets your academic expectations. This is important because the kind of subjects and writing styles used in such sample assignments can greatly determine how you handle these types of assignments. There are several options available for you to select from. You can use online resources or you can go to your local bookshop and look for the paper to come up with your own options.It is a good idea to research and find out which paper is most suitable for you based on your academic background and the type of essay that you want to write. You should make sure that you do not submit your paper to more than one or two institutions. The final selection may require you to speak with a writer who can assist you with choosing the appropriate one. It is always wise to go through several sample essays to get an idea of what each one is really about. Once you have decided on a paper, you should choose a topic from the list that is provided by the author.After the selection of the Abington essay samples, you should read the essays that are available for you to ensure that the content is accurate and would not prove to be too difficult for you to comprehend. After you have thoroughly read the essay, you should then identify the areas that you think you could have more questions about. If there are doubts, you should make it your own. If you think you have mastered the subject, then you should just submit your essay for grading.The Abington college is renowned for its excellence and excellent writing skills, so finding out some great essay samples for yourself might not be too hard. There are plenty of topics to choose from.

Progress of Digital Economy due to E-Commerce and Digital Technologies Free Essay Example, 3250 words

This literature review examines the causes of this uncertain attitude; as it can be noticed at the moment that digital progress within the economy is on a point that goes far beyond what has been predicted previously. Nonetheless, this progress has not occurred because of an increase in e-commerce along with other aspects linked to the internet; the key cause of this revolution was the approach by which IT was accepted and implemented in more or less all phases of personal as well as professional life. This digitally enabled financial system can attain enormous development as well as affluence in every field. The main cause of this hastened development was the amount businesses were spending and are ready to spend on software, hardware, besides other IT and communications related services. The enormous part that IT played in this huge economic progress is shown by the 67 percent of total factor productivity expansion from 1995 to 2002 because of the implementation of IT in the USA. It furthermore benefitted the labor efficiency in developing countries, and it is thought to be the major driver of modernization as well as efficiency at the moment. We will write a custom essay sample on Progress of Digital Economy due to E-Commerce and Digital Technologies or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now There has not been a lot of research looking at the extent of this involvement regardless of the huge IT contributions to the economy. This literature will help in looking into this topic thoroughly and will highlight the role of IT in the betterment of goods and services. Economic development and technology are inextricably connected. Existing economic situations are encouraging investment in technology as developing markets increase their demand for technology to stimulate development, and highly developed markets try to find innovative methods to reduce overheads and bring improvement. This turns out to be a lucrative circle, as digital technologies drive consumer earnings and demand, learning and schooling, and resourceful utilization of funds and resources - causing better economic progress, mainly in developing countries.

End The War On Drugs Essay - 1289 Words

End the War on Drugs The war on drugs dates back to 1971, when President Richard Nixon first popularized it. His presidency and administration were primarily responsible for getting the ball rolling. Following his presidency, every administration has more or less doubled down on his stance on the war on drugs. It has become a hot political issue that politicians now use to swing votes by the use of â€Å"fear† and promises of â€Å"safety†. However, the reality is that we are not anymore safe than we were in the 70’s. Drug use is still rampant. Users are still able to obtain what they so desire. The only thing that has changed is the amount of individuals we are putting behind bars, the amount of debt our country takes on every year, and countless other waste of resources that produce minimal return. Ultimately, it has done more harm than good for this country. Collectively, over the last 50 years, the war on drugs has led to the development of many policies that have had a detrimental effect on our society s well-being, and that is why we should end the war on drugs. Over the last 40 years, the United States has spent over a trillion dollars trying to enforce drug laws. Every year, 15 billion dollars is spent just in the United States and 100 billion dollars globally trying to enforce drug laws (count the costs). This would be fine if the result of this expenditure produced any beneficial return, but historically, the drug problem is as big as it was during the nixonShow MoreRelatedThe War On Drugs Should End934 Words   |  4 Pagesaccessibility of drugs in America. Aside from being remarkably expensive, drug task agencies have demonstrated racial discrimination and unequal anguish distressed by minority communities. Ultimately, it costs the government extreme amounts of taxpayer dollars to maintain this futile war while disregarding the rights of American citizens. â€Æ' Minority Target Since the birth of the United States, people of color have been the object of many societal injustices. For example, the â€Å"War on Drugs† has producedRead MoreAmerica Should End Its War On Drugs1974 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica Should End its War on Drugs Mark Julius Floresca West Coast University â€Æ' Abstract America is spending 15 billion dollars every year to fund and support the War on Dugs (â€Å"Drug War Statistic,† 2015). I agree and support that America should end its War on Drugs. This war has been ongoing for four decades and America seems like its not going to win sooner. The nation is spending billions of dollars every year just to support this war on drugs. Also, this War has caused many non-violent peopleRead MoreEssay on Its Time to End the Drug War2704 Words   |  11 PagesIts Time to End the Drug War Uhh, uhhh B.I.G., P-O, P-P-A No info, for the, DEA Federal agents mad cause Im flagrant Tap my cell, and the phone in the basement -Notorious B.I.G. lyrics from â€Å"Mo’ Money, Mo’ Problems† In Christopher Wallace’s (a.k.a. Notorious BIG) â€Å"Mo’ Money, Mo’ Problems†, the late rapper from Brooklyn mentions his run in with the police earlier in his life. Christopher Wallace came to be known as arguably the greatest rapper the world has ever heard, but beforeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Speech Why We Need End The War On Drugs 1433 Words   |  6 PagesNeed to End the War on Drugs† given by Ethan Nadelmann, a drug policy reformist, Nadelmann gives a compelling and persuasive argument on how and why we should end the war on drugs. Nadelmann describes himself as the oldest son of a rabbi and a human rights activist who works to end the drug war. He urges that the drug war is very dynamic and what the United States is doing in relation to stop it is not effective. This helps launch into what he believes the US should do to end the drug war. A few subjectsRead MoreEssay Why All Drugs Should Be Legalized 1468 Words   |  6 Pagesf orgetting the modern day prohibition: The War on Drugs. The History of The war on drugs Why didn’t we listen to Lincoln? People have been using drugs for thousands of years. The first anti-drug laws in the USA were solely based on the public’s views on the laws; mostly racist propaganda. The very first anti-drug law was outlawing Opium in 1870 which was aimed at Chinese immigrants. Then in the 1920’s Cocaine became illegal; which was aimed at Black men. The first drug laws were just about the governmentRead MoreMexican Drug War : Mexico1306 Words   |  6 PagesBlomme Honors 1 28 September 2014 Mexico Drug War According to the FBI, there are more than seventy five open cases of Americans that are kidnapped in Mexico. That is just one of the effects caused by what is called The Mexico Drug War. People are oblivious to what the outcome of drugs, in general, can do. Many have disappeared or been killed, firearm trade from the U.S. has gone up, and the supply of drugs in the U.S has increased. The Mexico Drug war started in December of 2006 and is still lingeringRead MoreAddiction And Substance Abuse : Drugs1021 Words   |  5 Pagesthe drug war. Drugs just continue to hit the very streets that innocent people live on. Today people walk right outside their house and just around the corner, there is some guy that has the ability to sell them drugs. That is why the war on drugs in the U.S. has failed miserably because the number of people and high schoolers that are using drugs is still increasing, drug tests do not do anything to discourage using drugs and almost everyone knows how to cheat the tests, and legalizing drugs, suchRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On The United States1324 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-violent drug charges (drug policy, 2015). These people’s lives are now forever changed because of a mistake they made. This mistake is continually made every single day and Americans are being punished in extreme ways for a non violent crime. The Unit ed States needs to decimalize all drugs because the drug war is costly, causes high incarceration rates, and isn’t effective as European drug solutions. In the 20th century, the United States would begin a disastrous campaign called the War on Drugs, thisRead MoreThe Drug War On Drugs1378 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-violent drug charges. These people’s lives are now forever changed because of a mistake they made. This mistake is continually made every single day and Americans are being punished in extreme ways for a non violent crime. The United States needs to decimalize all drugs because the drug war is costly, causes high incarceration rates, and isn’t effective as European drug solutions. In the 20th century, the United States government led a major renewed surge in drug prohibition called the War on DrugsRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On Society1564 Words   |  7 Pages The War on Drugs is a deep-rooted controversial campaign of prohibition and military aid that has been disputed for many years. There are constant debates as to whether there will ever be a viable solution to the problem. However, as we continue to pursue the â€Å"war on drugs,† it has become increasingly evident that â€Å"winning† the war seems to be an impossible task. Drug prohibition and the undertaking of the war on drugs have stirred much controversy over its moral and logical implications. While

Juvenile Delinquency Factors Pertaining to Criminal Behavior free essay sample

This was pounded home in this statement made by Congressman Bobby Scott who said, â€Å"Giving a 10-year mandatory minimum for a second offense fist fight is not going to reduce the chance that someone will be stabbed 16 times when you are not funding any of the programs that are desperately needed to actually reduce juvenile crime†. Juveniles are the future so it is important that we look at cause of criminal behavior within this age group. In order to provide them with outlets that influence their outlook on life and futures and this can only be done if we know what it is that has influenced their life thus far and how we can implement things into their environment that will change their outlook. The first place to look is the family because these are usually the people that the closest and usually the most influential on young people. According to David P. We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile Delinquency Factors Pertaining to Criminal Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Farrington a Professor of Criminology research has shown that 53 percent of 1,000 adults when asked what they perceived to be the main cause of violence, they agreed it was lack of discipline. And according to Professor Farrington academic research performed in 1997 confirmed the earlier finding. Discipline in the school system was also a factor according to about 15 % of those same adults. The other factors for juvenile delinquency in this research were poverty, violence on television, broken homes as well as drugs and alcohol. This research had to then divide the family influences into six different categories. The first says that delinquent and antisocial children are usually influenced by parents and siblings that are antisocial and or criminal. The greatest influence among 400 males that research was performed on found that males between eight years old and 48 was the convicted father and 63% of those with convicted fathers ended up being convicted as well. In a akin research on families with multiple children it was seen that the older children were convicted more often than younger siblings and only 6% percent of these families ended up with all the children being convicted. What we see here is that home is often times the start of delinquency because problems at home can affect other areas in a child’s life. At times though other areas of the child’s life can affect his or her behavior and may not have anything to do with home life although family may see some differences in the child but not know what has caused the behavior or ignore it thinking this maybe something that the child would out grow. That behavior though at times can a child’s way of crying out for help or attention. Some other things that may trigger delinquency are failure or poor academic levels in school. This can cause frustration and lack of attendance, outburst that can lead to a child being expelled from school. Poor social skills leaving a child feeling unwanted or unable to blend in with his or her peers may cause the child to withdraw and not be able to ask for help or act just the opposite and act out drawing attention to their self or have violent outburst which increases the likely hood that the child will drop out of school or be expelled. Substance abuse is high risk factor for these children in a few different ways. The main thing is that drugs and alcohol tend to cause a temporary relief of the mental or even physical anguish that the child sees their self going through. This usually puts the child in contact with someone that encourages the behavior for the sake of profit but uses guile to fabricate a relationship causing the child to think that he or she is important. This person then enables the addiction to the substances and often times contribute to the illegal behaviors by encouraging the child to sell drugs for him or her. This is done by different means of trickery such as telling them they need a favor done or the main one is tempting the child with the prospect of earning money to help them or their family. This is a great attraction to the child that comes from a broken home and living in poverty for they see it as way of helping to support the family. This type of behavior is also seen in areas that are prone to gangs. They entice the younger child in because they are easier to manipulate. They make the child feel that they are a part of a bigger family and tell them they understand better than their own parents at times. The gang encourages criminal activity to help finance the gang and use violence to protect the gang. This means that the younger the child the easier it is to mold them into their way of thinking. These many times end up with the child being put in danger that may lead to injury and regrettably at times even death. Today we have some programs that help with child delinquency but at times or in some areas there are not enough resources or programs out there to provide better alternatives. This may be the lack of finances and other reasons may include fear caused by gang activity, threats and or violence.

Of Mice and Men - Crooks and Curleys Wife free essay sample

Crooks and Curley’s wife suffer from discrimination around the ranch. Steinbeck expresses discrimination, or prejudice, very simply by refusing to give Curleys wife a name. She is displayed as only a mere item of Curley’s. Curley’s wife is disliked by ranch hands as they only see and think â€Å"she’s a rat trap if I ever seen one† and refuse to talk to her. In a similar fashion to Curley’s wife, Crooks is discriminated and treated unfairly in comparison to the other ranch hands. It is simply evident as they refer to Crooks as a â€Å"nigger†. This is offensive but he is at the bottom of the hierarchy so evidently â€Å"he don’t give a damn about that†. His room is situated away from the others as they â€Å"don’t want nothing to do with him. † Crooks is alike Curley’s wife as they are both discriminated and excluded from society. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mice and Men Crooks and Curleys Wife or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Prejudice towards Crooks and Curley’s wife causes them to be very lonely. Due to the fact that the ranch hands find Curley’s wife troublesome, it means that â€Å"she can’t talk to nobody† and this causes her to be lonesome. Steinbeck illustrates Curley’s wife in a way that makes her seem flirtatious and â€Å"purty† and this is all the men see in her, though she is simply just trying to make conversation. Loneliness is also seen in Curley’s wife as she â€Å"don’t even like Curley who ain’t a nice fella† and therefore has nobody to communicate with, â€Å"even [her] own husband†. Crooks, alike Curley’s wife, is also lonely as he is the only coloured man in the ranch. Due to this, he is isolated from the other men and therefore has nobody to talk to. Crooks’ loneliness can be identified by the scene in the novella when Lennie enters Crooks room. At this moment, Crooks seizes the opportunity to speak with someone at tells Lennie â€Å"you might as well set down† and later realises that it’s just the fact that â€Å"they’re talking† and â€Å"being with another guy†. This shows that Crooks admires Lennie’s company because he is so lonely every other time. Crooks and Curley’s wife’s discrimination causes them to be lonely. Crooks and Curley’s wife have dreams of their own which have been shattered but they are constantly trying to put them back together. When Curley’s wife was fifteen, she â€Å"coulda been in the movies an’ had pitchers took of me†. However, her â€Å"ol’ lady wouldn’t let [her]. At that moment, Curley’s wife’s dream had been shattered by her mother. Throughout the novel, she dresses seductively in attempt to rebuild her dream of being a movie star and â€Å"had nice clothes like they wear. † In a related manner, Crooks also had the dream of having the feeling of living on his father’s ranch again. When in conversation with Lennie, Crooks reminisces about his past and how his â€Å"old man owned a chicken ranch†. In the past, â€Å"white kids come to play at [Crooks’] place, an’ sometimes [he] went to play with them, and some of them was pretty nice†. He was on the verge of fulfilling his dream, when it was ruined by his father â€Å"who didn’t like that†. Crooks joins George and Lennie’s dream of owning their own land, in effort to restore his dream of living and playing on his father’s ranch with white people. By joining George and Lennie’s dream, Crooks would be living with white people as well as working on a farm, parallel to his father’s. The dreams of Curley’s wife and Crooks which somehow or another have been ruined and are attempting to piece it back together. Crooks and Curley’s wife, though they are physically opposite, have parallel characteristics which can be identified from causes like prejudice, loneliness, and dreams that have been destroyed.

Lord of the Flies Analized essays

Lord of the Flies Analized essays When away from civilization, mans facade of civilized behavior falls away. This thought is express greatly in William Golding, Lord of the Flies. Goldings uses characters and events to prove this belief. He uses the protagonist, Ralph, as the example of how no matter how you try the instinctual savagery of humans will surface. The antagonist, Jack, is the example of the change. His metamorphosis from a civilized, optimistic British boy to a bloodthirsty savage leader is one that Golding tracks conscientiously. Then a proof of the true savagery of human instinct, he illustrates the doings of Jacks tribe. Using William Golding, by Samuel Hynes, and The Novel as a Moral Allegory by P.H. Newby, the change of the boys trapped on a deserted island will be clear. Ralphs attempt at a civilization and his failure is proof that humans will be savages if not restricted. Ralph and the reader have a connection that is important to understand. (Ralph) provides the most consistent point of view, because he most nearly speaks for us (the reader) (Hynes, pg. 173) Because Ralph is the readers thoughts in the story, Golding elucidates that no amount of logical thinking can stop this metamorphosis. Ralph tries very hard to bring democratic idea to the island. He takes as a totem the conch; making it a symbol of rational orderly discussion. (Hynes, pg. 173) The conch symbolizes rules, like one cannot speak at an assembly without holding the conch. These rules are proof of Ralphs attempt. Ralphs attempt becomes more difficult as Jack begins to shun the conch and the rules it represents. (Ralph and Jack) they are antithetical, but intimately linked tighter-man-the-destroyer confronting man-the-preserver. (Hynes, pg. 173) This is where the change begins, Ralph, as a character remains logical. But other forces stray the other boys, hunting, the ...

Analysis of Vietnam’s Economy

Analysis of Vietnams Economy Table of contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction 2. Why Vietnam – An overview 3. Theoretical literatures 3.1. Macroeconomic principles 3.2. Microeconomic principles 4. The level of unemployment and employment 4.1. Before the national reform – The beginning of the 1990s’ 4.2. After the national reform 5. Skills needed and skills gaps 5.1. Disadvantages 5.1.1. Low IT skill availability 5.1.2. Low English proficiency level 5.2. Advantages 5.2.1. High tech sector 5.2.2. Textiles and garments sector 6. Conclusion Bibliography 1. Introduction The trend of global outsourcing has accelerated the economic activities in developing nations. Developed nations countries have gained the economy of scales and performed major functions in the long-term basis. The advantages of outsourcing are to reduce business operation expenses and thus corporations can sustain competitiveness. The paper will discuss the Vietnamese economy, particularly skills needed and skills gaps, and the level of unemployment and employment. Some theoretical literatures will help explain the reasons and results of Vietnamese economic growth; the paper tries to access the underlying forces which have challenged Vietnam authority to change from the central control to the market economy. 2. Why Vietnam – An overview Vietnam officially becomes the 150 th member in WTO (World Trade Organization) on 11th January 2007. In order to join WTO, Vietnam government has to change its political, infrastructure and economic principals to fulfill the requirements of this international organization. ‘A sustained boom, with annual economic growth consistently around 7%-8% since 2000, has transformed Vietnam. It is over 20 years since Vietnam’s ruling communists abandoned collectivism and embarked on their doi moi market-based reforms, not unlike those China adopted a few years earlier.’ [1] Additionally, Vietnam economy has gradually changed in order to adapt and join the worl d economy. From the control economy as of the principal of the communist ideals, Vietnam has undergone the reform and has let its economy to react in accordance with the law of supply and demand. Accordingly, ‘Real GDP growth is forecast to be robust in 2007, at an average of 7% a year, and will be driven mainly by industrial expansion. Business sentiment and consumer confidence will remain resilient, boosting investment and consumption.’ [2] In fact, ‘Many Southeast Asian economies, namely, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam are emerging as an outsourcing destination for some Fortune-500 companies.’ [3] The data from the Vietnamese economy has strongly reflected how outsourcing impacts on the level of unemployment and employment and skills needed and skills gaps, since the economy has moved so fast to the integration into the world economy. Vietnam has positioned itself as a primary host by luring more investment than other emerging econo mies and developing nations in the region in the late 1990s. It is overtaking the Philippines and Indonesia. ‘By 2002, Viet Nam was the third largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in ASEAN [Association of South East Asian Nations], behind Singapore and Malaysia, strengthening its position as a significant investment base. Viet Nam has therefore achieved a key position both in terms of prime investment host within the region, and as a recipient of intraregional inflows.’ [4] 3. Theoretical literatures 3.1. Macroeconomic principles A concept of scarcity, relatively in relation to an entire country and its people, becomes a condition which individual producer and consumer have to face in every decision. The opportunity cost of each decision can be considered as subjective value that individual must scarify when making any decision for the next best alternatives.

Navigation app for iOS Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Navigation app for iOS - Literature review Example This framework is designed to work with the newly introduced M7 coprocessor that is dedicated to handle motion sensors without reducing the battery performance of the device. It gives the developers accurate data about the users, which they can later make use of in their applications. For example, a developer can find out whether the device is currently with an individual who is in the act of walking, or with someone who is travelling in an automobile etc, without actually processing the accelerometer’s data. Core Motion Framework provides answers to such questions through constants defined by the classes of framework. â€Å"Now Core Motion has been around since iOS 4.0, but the iOS 7 includes the new classes needed to access data from the M7. The two main classes used here are CM Motion Activity Manager and CM Motion Activity. These two classes work hand in hand to make work the motion activity updates† (Graves 2014: 1). Most iPhones contain an accelerometer and 3 axes Gyroscope built into them, which provide the device with 6 operational axes when used together. This axis data and motion data populated by the M7 co processor could be used along with Map kit or any other third party Map API to create great navigation apps. The gyroscope data as well as gravity sensor data are also used for building motion sensitive gaming-applications. Various class references of Core Motion framework include â€Å"CMAttitude, CMAccelerometerData, CMDeviceMotion, CMGyroData, CMLogItem, CMMagnetometerData, and CMMotionManager† (Aguinaga 2013: 9). The Map Kit framework is used for embedding custom maps into iOS application windows. The 5.1 version and the previous ones basically made use of Google Maps API for displaying the maps through the MapKit framework. â€Å"This framework also provides support for annotating the map, adding overlays, and performing reverse-geocoding lookups to determine placemark information for a given map

The Crimean Crisis of 2014 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Crimean Crisis of 2014 - Case Study Example Consequently, under the justification of â€Å"responsibility to protect† the Russian minorities in the eastern and southern regions of Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin annexed Crimea in March, 2014 (Yuhas 2014). The Russian annexation of Crimea caused a massive stir on a global level and the action was condemned by majority of global leaders. The Crimean crisis has been considered as a significant global issue which has caused severe impact on relations between western world and Russia and their allies. Also, the crisis caused massive blow to economic stability in Ukraine and Russia. The clashes between the West and Russia through economic sanctions, energy politics, and political pressure have threatened the global stability and brought the world on the verge of Cold War II (Koshkin 2014). The causes of Crimean crisis can be traced in current global politics and contested perceptions of the state identity in Ukrainian society. The purpose of this case study is to investigate the Crimean crisis of 2014. By means of various researches and available reports, the paper will examine the root causes of crisis and its impact on various groups. The paper will also present potential solutions in order to abate the negative effects of the crisis. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea, internationally recognized as a part of Ukraine, is situated on a peninsula which has spread between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea with Russian border to its east (BBC Monitoring 2014). In the late 2013, Ukrainian president Victor Yanukovych faced a choice when the country was moving towards economic crisis. He could select a long-term, but initially troublesome deal with the EU to boost trade and integration, or he could secure a $15 billion loan from Russia and join the Eurasian Customs Union of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus (Woehrel 2014, p. 1-2). After continuous

Beatrice in Dante Alighieris Divine Comedy and the Vita Nuova Essay

Beatrice in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and the Vita Nuova Se quanto infino a qui di lei si dice fosse conchiuso tutto in una loda, poco sarebbe a fornir questa vice. La bellezza ch’io vidi si trasmoda non pur di là ¡ da noi, ma certo io credo che solo il suo fattor tutta la goda† (Paradiso, XXX) In Dante and Difference, Jeremy Tambling asserts that â€Å"Beatrice is throughout dealt with in the Commedia with the assumption that she will already be a familiar figure† in order to make the point that the Commedia â€Å"is not offering itself as a single, separate, autonomous work†. While I agree with Tambling’s claim about the need to read the Commedia as a part of a greater work (and the possible ways of doing this are endless—Vita Nuova a preparation for the Commedia, Commedia as â€Å"sequel† to Vita Nuova, etc) there is something inherently flawed with the first part of his statement: the idea of Beatrice as â€Å"familiar† figure. For Beatrice is actually anything but familiar. Tambling is, of course, referring to the fact that anyone reading the Commedia who has read the Vita Nuova will recognize Beatrice—but the implication is that such a reader will have more knowledge of her than someone reading Dante for the firs t time. In actual fact, the opposite is the case. In the Vita Nuova , we have accompanied Dante in his breathless chase through visions and painstaking re-writings, elaborate lies and fainting fits in the arguably vain attempt to make sense of, to track or write down a woman who has always managed to be the proverbial two steps ahead. By the opening lines of the Inferno, Beatrice is only familiar in her unfamiliarity: we know her as the one who escaped the Vita Nuova unmarked and unwritten, leaving Dante to â€Å"no... ...tric question to represent all that he has been seeking and the solution to be a mathematical or numerical Beatrice. If that is the case, then we might be forgiven for suspecting that even if Dante has obtained the answer, he himself cannot decipher, let alone transcribe, her. Beatrice has escaped again and the chase continues, in a motion that is described at one and the same time with the verb â€Å"volgeva† (think volgere, capovolgere—winding, turning on its head, ie both without end and dizzying and disorientating) and as a â€Å"rota ch’igualmente à © mossa†, an image that brings to mind both a cyclical and thus endless motion (the circular turning of the wheel) as well as a movement forward (the wheel as transportation). â€Å"L’amor che move il sole e l’altra stelle† spurs Dante himself on, mystified by that which he cannot reach, seeking to write the ever-elusive Beatrice.

Personal Life and Hobbies Essay

One of the biggest problems of human kind is time. Although after retiring from their job people usually dedicate their time to an activity, which they enjoy. An activity that people enjoy doing in their free time is called a hobby. People in general have several hobbies, even if they think they have none, or no spare time at all. Some of them are fond of normal sports like: football, tennis, basketball, hockey or gymnastics; and some people like extreme sport, for instance snowboarding, roller-skating, bungee jumping. Sports are not only hobbies people have. The bug of watching TV all day bites many persons, and some are found of listening music, cooking, reading books and newspapers or even eating. We can say that the pleasure id the most important purpose of a hobby. Hobbies have many advantages like relaxation that can help you get rid of stress; and you can learn new things. A hobby can give you energy, happiness, personal accomplishments and willingness. In spite of these advantages, some disadvantages of having a hobby can appear. A hobby can be a real waste of money. Hobbies can turn into a kind of dependence like for instance a person who watches too much the TV is becoming a couch potato. All in all, if you are a rational person it is a very good thing to have a hobby because you’ll be able to distinguish the good and bad parts of a hobby. I have many hobbies like: playing chess, going out whit my friends, going camping, listening to music, watching sports like football, tennis, formula 1 and others. In conclusion hobbies are very important and we must let them be a part of our life because it will make it more beautiful.

Essay on Intellectual Property Protection - 1208 Words

Intellectual property protection has become increasingly popular in the last century. Many factors have probed interest in this area of the law. A few of those factors include musicians seeking protection of their musical talents through use of copyrights, companies seek to protect inventions of advanced production capabilities, companies create trademarks that differentiate their unique goods from competitors, and companies like Coca-Cola protect their undisclosed ingredients for their products through use of trade secrets. These examples are to gain an understanding of how and why intellectual property rights help companies seek advantages in the marketplace. Furthermore, as the world shrinks because of advancements in transportation†¦show more content†¦Work not covered under copyright include, but not limited to: works not fixed in tangible form, titles, names, familiar symbols, common knowledge, and methods to name a few (U.S. Copyright Office). Copyright infringement is not taken lightly. The United States entitles the copyright holder to damages and profits earned by the infringing party. Or, the copyright holder may select statutory rewards between $500 and $20,000 (inadvertent violations) or $100,000 (willful violations). With this said, copyright infringement is often difficult to prove. Two main types of copyright infringement occur, (1) direct copyright infringement and (2) contributory copyright infringement. Under direct copyright infringement, the plaintiff must prove (1) ownership of a valid copyright and (2) copying of constituent elements of the work that are original (Barnes, Dworkin Richards, 2011). Direct copyright infringement may be excused if use of the creation is considered fair use. Plaintiffs seeking suit in contributory copyright infringement, must prove (1) direct infringement by a primary infringer, (2) knowledge of the infringement by the defendant, and (3) material contribution to the infr ingement by the defendant (Barnes, Dworkin Richards, 2011). Because technology has allowed users to reach the world with the World Wide Web, contributory infringement is a serious issue. Many internet sites have made piracy readily accessible and users are â€Å"ripping†Show MoreRelatedProtection of Intellectual Property Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesProtection of Intellectual Property Introduction There is a lot of controversy about intellectual property and its application to software. There are many difficult, fundamental questions that arise, such as exactly what aspects of a piece of software should be protected under copyright or patent. [5] Despite the fact that applying existing laws to software is not very straight-forward, some sort of legal protection for intellectual property is necessary, as it provides a significant amount ofRead MoreIntellectual Property Protection And Stricter Copyright Laws935 Words   |  4 Pages With all the groups mentioned above, intellectual property protection and stricter copyright laws are being discussed, which is a step forward in the right direction. The more these organizations reach out to inform others that intellectual property protection is imperative, the more minds will be had in building ideas for a better tomorrow. The biggest question is why should the average individual care about the protection of intellectual property? The answer is, everyone should strive togetherRead MoreIntellectual Property Protection and Enforcement Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesIntellectual property (IP) is defined as property that is developed through an intellectual and creative processes. Intellectual property falls under the category of property known as intangible rights, which includes patents (inventions of processes, machines, manufactures, and compositions of matter), copyrights (original artistic and literary works of), trademarks (commercial symbols), and trade secret s ((product formulas, patterns, designs). Intellectual property rights has a significant valueRead MoreLegal Protection And Intellectual Property Rights1175 Words   |  5 PagesIntellectual property is defined in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) as the creation of the mind. According to WIPO the work does not have to be literary in order to be protected. Names, images, symbols, designs..etc. are all protected. Intellectual property rights are mentioned in article 27 of the universal human rights act that gives the inventors and creators to benefit from their work. Those rights are obtained through registering patents, trademarks, and copyrights. ThereRead MoreProtection Of Intellectual Property Rights1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe Intellectual Property Department was put in place in 1990 to ensure some sort of protection when it comes to intellectual property rights. â€Å"Protection of intellectual property rights protects creativity. The efforts of writers, a rtists, designers, software programmers, inventors, and other talents need to be protected in order to create an environment where creativity can flourish and hard work can be rewarded.† (IP in Hong Kong, China). Hong Kong is full of creativity and innovation so thatRead MoreThe Protection Of The Citizens Intellectual Property1500 Words   |  6 Pageswas 17th century philosopher John Locke who popularized the idea that the ideal government’s principle obligation was to protect the material property of its citizens, but perhaps just as important to the health of a nation, is the protection of the citizen’s intellectual property. Without the protection of intellectual property innovators and artists would have no rights to their creations, therefore no incentive to continue working on creating. To protect these men and women, lawmakers draftedRead MoreThe Economics Of Intellectual Property Protection1398 Words   |  6 Pagesyears. These settlements are regulat ed by a specific office of the United Nations the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). They normally require their signatories to take after national treatment in the insurance of IPRs (equivalent treatment of nationals and non-nationals) and encourage the enlistment of licensed innovation titles in remote purviews. The economics of intellectual property protection Why do governments stretch out lawful assurance to protected innovation? One can comprehensivelyRead MoreThe Protection Of The Citizens Intellectual Property2487 Words   |  10 PagesIt was 17th century philosopher John Locke who popularized the idea that the ideal government’s principle duty was to protect the material property of its citizens, but perhaps just as important to the health of a nation, is the protection of the citizen’s intellectual property. Without the protection of intellectual property innovators and artists would have no rights to their creations, therefore no incentive to create new works. To protect these men and women, lawmakers drafted some of the mostRead MoreWhat Type Of Intellectual Property Protection?1084 Words   |  5 Pagesregistered, remain in effect for a 10-year period, and have 10-year renewal options. The process of applying for patents, copyrights, and trademarks vary. Patent The first step in applying for a U.S. patent is to determine what type of intellectual property protection is required; for example a patent, copyright, trademark, or trade secret (USPTO Investor Resources, 2015). Additionally, you must determine if your invention is patentable and if so, what kind of patent you need. There are three typesRead MoreCopyright Laws and the Protection of Intellectual Properties922 Words   |  4 PagesCopyright laws are intended to protect the intellectual properties of writers, musicians, artists, and others. In order for a work to be copyrightable, it must be both tangible, or fixed, and original. There have been many changes made to copyright law throughout time, however, each change has been made in order to further protect a persons intellectual property. In order for a work be eligible to be copyrighted it must fall into one of seven tangible or fixed categories. These categories include

Essay on Authentic Assessment in Instructional Leadership

Introduction As Education moves into the 21st century educators have begun to question how students are assessed. When students are being assessed are they really getting a true picture of what was learned by the student? Authentic assessment takes a different approach; in essence the curriculum is built around the assessment. I other words you will be teaching to the test and students are given a real world application as assessment. The following review gives us insight as to the reasoning behind authentic assessments and how to develop them. Literature Review According to Jon Mueller, Professor of Psychology at North Central College, in his article â€Å"What is Authentic Assessment† assessment is what should drive the curriculum.†¦show more content†¦The student also benefits from seeing the rubric ahead of time as well. Some will ask â€Å"Is this cheating? Will students then be able to only caricaturist the work of others without truly understanding what they are doing? Authentic assessments typically do not lean toward imitation. There will not be a correct answer to copy, just an example. So, by knowing what good performance looks like, and by knowing what particular characteristics make up good performance, students can better develop the skills and understanding necessary to perform tasks and perform them well (Mueller, 2011). In the article â€Å"At the Center on Learning, Assessment, and School Structure† by (CLASS) in Princeton, New Jersey, they use design standards and a practical peer analysis process for evaluating and refining all planned new curricular outlines, performance assessments, and tests. When they exercise what they speak about self-assessment and modification against standards it warrants more demanding evaluation from the local teaches, better student performance greater and collegiality. In standards-based modification projects they must seek an unbiased review of assessments against standards throughout the process not just follow a procedure and hope that it turns out well (Wiggins, 1996/1997). At CLASS, they teach educators and instructors involved in performance-based assessment modification about the design process, the use of a design template,Show MoreRelatedImproving Curriculum and Instruction in an Organization Essay examples722 Words   |  3 Pagesleader I am a cata lyst for good instructional practices, meeting curriculum needs of the students, and furthering the education of everyone around me. Leaders must be catalysts, whether instructing JKD or leading a school. As an instructional leader, it was important that I model and demonstrate the same commitment to improving my knowledge based (4.1.3) around instruction and curriculum development. As the new accountability system – Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium – approached, our districtRead MoreHow Teacher Leaders Connect and Monitor Student Learning Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesto meet instructional needs. This interview will conclude with a question about strategies on the progress of individual students in the form of assessment as a whole, as well as independently. I will look at how the teacher responses support their demonstration of the delivery of effective instruction in accordance with the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards Core Proposition 3. This proposition is what effective teachers and teacher evaluators use to guide their assessment of a teachers’Read MoreAn Interdisciplinary Unit On The Civil War Themed872 Words   |  4 PagesTo sho wcase my proficiency with middle level curriculum, instruction, and assessment, I have selected an interdisciplinary unit on the Civil War themed â€Å"Preserving the Past†, a Discipline Literacy and Instructional Planning project about North Carolina geography, and a collaborative Greek Mythology unit I taught during student teaching. In all three of these artifacts, I have developed relevant, integrative, challenging, and exploratory units of study. The â€Å"Preserving the Past† unit incorporatesRead MoreElevating The Essentials Of Radically Improve Student Learning1196 Words   |  5 Pageseducation system in the United States. The book is built on the major pillars that teachers and administrators should hone in on and fix to the following achieve success: 1) Sound Curriculum (what we teach) 2) Sound Lessons (how we teach), and 3) Authentic Literacy. Any other initiatives; such as professional development, which do not fall into those three categories should not have significant amounts of energy paid to them. The book channel s Jim Collins’s parable about the hedgehog and the foxRead MoreProfessional Growth And Future Goals1502 Words   |  7 Pageselementary reading teacher having over twenty years of experience on the same campus. I chose Teacher Leadership as my degree path because I already saw myself as somewhat of a leader on my campus. I have served as reading chairman, RtI representative, teacher mentor, team leader, and various other academic leadership positions on my campus. I felt as though this gave me some background knowledge in leadership and its relationship to school performance . Throughout the Master’s coursework, I feel I haveRead MoreReflection On Leadership Assessment And Skills Development1077 Words   |  5 Pages Reflection on Leadership Assessment and Skills Development Yu Xiao OTD 24 Rocky Mountain University of Health Professionals Refection on Leadership Assessment and Skills Development I have completed the â€Å"How Good Are Your Leadership Skills?† (Manktelow the Mind Tools Team, 1996-2015) for analyzing my performance skills in specific areas of leadership and exploring the action plan that would lead to further development of my skills. My total score wasRead MoreThe National Educational Technology Standards For Students, Teachers, And Administrators Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pages I am a graduate student pursuing a specialist degree in Educational Leadership with National Louis University. Currently, I am enrolled in a course titled, Realizing Vision through Technological, Human and Financial Resources. The National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) are a set of standards sponsored by the International Society of Technology in Education (ISTE). I have explored the ITSE website and reviewed the NETS standards for students, teachers, and administrators. In this paperRead MoreChange Leadership Group: Transformational Improvement Process in Schools1535 Words   |  7 PagesGenerating momentum for change can be innovative or challenging. The Change Leadership Group believes the successful leadership of transformational improvement process in schools and districts require sharpening capacities in two quite different directions at the same time: 1) Leaders need to see more deeply into why it is so hard for our organizations to change, even when there is a genuine, collective desire to do so. More than just seeing why, leaders need to learn how to take action effectivelyRead MoreProfessional Learning Communities : A Teacher s Perspective1013 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess. The best way to eliminate this problem is by having everyone on board and have them collect authentic data. Authentic data help show what areas the teacher needs to focus on. If data is authentic then there should be no arguments on what is going wrong inside the classroom. As a teacher I will collect authentic data by working with my colleagues and developing authentic assessments to collect the information I need. By collaborating with other staff members we can find out what waysRead MoreClassroom Reflection739 Words   |  3 Pagesunit planning, team interim assessment work, and end-of-year rubric evaluations (Marshall, 2013, Location No. 331). Th ese strategies have not been implemented at Mercy. Although Mercy’s teachers attend summative conferences with the principal at the end of every year, evaluations are based on word-of-mouth anecdotes; there is no measurable data to support drawn conclusions. Unfortunately, my development as a teacher has stalled due to a lack of instructional leadership at Mercy. I work diligently

Sports Direct Financial Situation Analysis and Their New...

INTRODUCTION: 3 PART I: COMPANY ANALYSIS 5 1- Introduction of the company 5 1.1 History: 5 1.2. The industry: 5 1.3. Sports Direct today: 6 2. Analysis on the financing structure of the company 6 2.1. Sports Direct financial statements: 7 2.2. JJB Sports financial statements: 9 2.3. Ratios of Sports Direct and JJB Sports 12 3. The weighted average cost of capital 15 3.1. Cost of equity: 15 3.2. Cost of debt: 15 3.3. WACC: 16 PART II: PROJECT INVESTMENT ANALYSIS 17 1- Preliminary report: 17 1.1. Project description: 17 1.2. Elements of the project: 18 1.3. Risk and Uncertainty: 19 1.4. Conclusion: 19 2. Project evaluation: 20 2.1. NPV: 20 2.2. Sensitivity analysis: 21 3.†¦show more content†¦And finally a quarterly report will be prepared to compare the forecasted with the actual results. PART I: COMPANY ANALYSIS 1- Introduction of the company 1.1 History: In 1982 a store in Maidenhead is opened by Mike Ashley. It’s the birth of Sports Direct. However this name was not the first one. Indeed, it was called primarily Mike Ashley Sports. In the 1990s, the founder opened many stores in and around London and over 100 stores across the United Kingdom. By that time, the name of the chain was changed to Sports Soccer. Although the high number of stores, Mike Ashley was a sole trader and his chain did not acquire the company status until 1999. By doing so, the borrowing power of the company increased and in 2002 he went on to buy Lillywhites, the prestigious sports shop in Piccadilly Circus. In 2005, Sports Direct acquired Hargreaves, Gilesports, Streetwise in 2006, and Fieldamp;Trek in 2007(History of the Company. Sportsdirect.com). In this same year, Sports Direct’s shares were listed on the London Stock Exchange and by 2009, Sports Direct operated 470 stores(Annual Report 2009) in the UK. 1.2. The industry: Sports Direct operates as a retailer in the industry of sporting, leisure clothing, footwear and equipment. There are very lucrative niches for functional apparel in this industry particularly for football, tennis, and golf,Show MoreRelatedCoca-Cola: International Business Strategy for Globalization10128 Words   |  41 PagesStrategy, and International Diversification Strategy. Abstract The purpose of this research was to analysis the efficiency of global strategies. This paper identified six key strategies necessary for firms to be successful when expanding globally. These strategies include differentiation, marketing, distribution, collaborative strategies, labor and management strategies, and diversification. Within this analysis, we chose to focus on the Coca-Cola Company because they have proven successful in their internationalRead MoreFixed Deposit Investment10502 Words   |  43 Pagescounsel and guidance during the preparation of this project. My thanks are due to (those who have helped in collecting data or analysis or typesetting etc.) Signature of the Student________________ Place: Name: CERTIFICATE Certified that this Project on Foreign Direct Investment is a work done by MISS ___________________ during the period of her study under my guidance, and that the project has not previously formed the basis for the awardRead MoreUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook18844 Words   |  76 PagesEmirates Country Notebook Presented to Dr. Shahira El Alfy Prepared by: Mohamed Ibrahim Osama Mosher Ismail Ahmed El-Mohamady Hesham Mostafa Eslsca 36 – Global Management I. Cultural Analysis: Identification of the Emirates History: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) consists of the seven emirates, which are: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al-Khaimah, Ajman, Umm Al-Qaiwain, and Fujairah. They were united as a federal state on 2Read MoreUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook18844 Words   |  76 PagesEmirates Country Notebook Presented to Dr. Shahira El Alfy Prepared by: Mohamed Ibrahim Osama Mosher Ismail Ahmed El-Mohamady Hesham Mostafa Eslsca 36 – Global Management I. Cultural Analysis: Identification of the Emirates History: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) consists of the seven emirates, which are: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al-Khaimah, Ajman, Umm Al-Qaiwain, and Fujairah. They were united as a federal state on 2Read MoreAl Jazeera Case Study3490 Words   |  14 Pageslanguage news channel to be headquartered in the Middle East† with headquartered in Doha, Qatar but also rotates around broadcasting centers in London and Washington D.C. It reaches around  40 million households, target expended since the lunch, now approximately to 80 million homes, around 130 million households worldwide. It has also agreed to provide online steaming (often free of charge) via different website, for everyone with a connection to the Internet. The news channel broadcast news featureRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36912 Words   |  148 Pages ABC, and TOC. Bill’s Custom Planters, by William Stammerjohan and Deborah Seifert, discusses production and cash flow projections, developing pro forma statements and sensitivity analysis. Dublin Shirt Company, by Peter Clarke in association with Paul Juras and Wayne Bremser, discusses customer profitability analysis. ECN.W, by William Lawler, discusses ABC in a service organization. Endesa, by Gary M. Cunningham, Scott Ericksen, Francisco J. Lopez Lubian and Antonio Pareja, discusses strategy andRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36918 Words   |  148 Pages ABC, and TOC. Bill’s Custom Planters, by William Stammerjohan and Deborah Seifert, discusses production and cash flow projections, developing pro forma statements and sensitivity analysis. Dublin Shirt Company, by Peter Clarke in association with Paul Juras and Wayne Bremser, discusses customer profitability analysis. ECN.W, by William Lawler, discusses ABC in a service organization. Endesa, by Gary M. Cunningham, Scott Ericksen, Francisco J. Lopez Lubian and Antonio Pareja, discusses strategy andRead MorePepsi Project Report13786 Words   |  56 PagesA SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT ON â€Å"ANALYSIS OF ANTI PEPSI BEHAVIOUR OF RETAIL OUTLETS† SUBMITED TOWARDS PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY- PRADEEP PANKAJ SINGH PGDM(2008-10) ENROLMENT NO-2029742128. FACULTY GUIDE INDUSTRY GUIDE MR. VISHAL AGGARWAL MR. RAVEND BIJLANI ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Read MoreThe Role of Financial Institutions in the Economic Development of Bangladesh11088 Words   |  45 PagesFinancial Institution In financial economics, a financial institution is an institution that provides financial services for its clients or members. Probably the most important financial service provided by financial institutions is acting as financial intermediaries. Most financial institutions are highly regulated by government. Broadly speaking, there are three major types of financial institutions: 1. Deposit-taking institutions that accept and manage deposits and make loans, including banksRead MoreSamsung Smart Fridge Business to Business Marketing Plan6903 Words   |  28 PagesSTATEMENTÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...5 CURRENT MARKET POSITIONÂ….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…....5-9 Product Target Market Analysis Place Price Promotion Processes Physical Evidence MARKET OVERVIEW.Â…..Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…....9-10 Description Laws and Regulations Current Business Trends SWOT ANALYSISÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…10-13 Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Key Issues Key Opportunities Competitor Analysis ASSUMPTIONSÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..13 Sales Revenue Customer Base OBJECTIVES

Fascism in Venice Free Essays

string(94) " and sent to concentration camps in the mainland, with some even being deported to Auschwitz\." Ryan Johnson December 13, 2012 HIST 3400 Soper Venetian Fascism in the Shadow of Wars The qualities that compose fascism are debatable and endless. What is really important about fascism is how it attempted to succeed by influencing not only Venetian, but also Italian culture and society from the beginning of World War I until the end of World War II. Benito Mussolini when speaking on fascism stated that, â€Å"†¦For Fascism, the growth of empire, that is to say the expansion of the nation, is essential manifestation of vitality, and its opposite a sign of decadence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Enciclopedia Italiana, Handout). We will write a custom essay sample on Fascism in Venice or any similar topic only for you Order Now The success with which fascism had in expanding the nation is an argument for another time, but the ways they attempted to maintain the â€Å"essential manifestation of vitality† and challenged the boundaries of cultural society in hopes of success are well worth mentioning. Fascism did not have many cultural victories and this could be one aspect of an argument as to why it was a failure. However, one of fascisms greatest â€Å"cultural victories† in Italy can be viewed when studying the floating city of Venice and events that accompanied it. Fascism, as a whole, attempted to conquer in more ways than just obtaining land by means of military victory or tangible items as tokens of their success. As stated above by Mussolini himself, if fascism was indeed to succeed, it needed to support the growth of the Italian nation. The Fascist Party needed to not only influence the Italian people through propaganda, but also gain the support of the Italian nation while challenging the cultural and societal boundaries. In the years between World War I and World War II, fascism made attempting strides to try and create an aesthetic visual for the party, mainly by intervening in society and culture. All moves made by the fascists with regards to culture appeared to be solely instrumental and functional to gaining one hundred percent support of the population in favor of the dictatorship. The effects of World War I, World War II, and fascism can still be seen today in Venetian and Italian culture. World War I was a horrendous time for Italian soldiers fighting in the trenches. Venice was very close to the battle lines on the border with Austria-Hungary, just North of where they lie. Venetians could not only feel the constant threat from the Austrians, but also had a daily reminder when they stepped outside. Venice closed their port, for fear of attack, but they also had to deal with the fact that, â€Å"†¦barrage balloons could be seen†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Barrage balloons had long steel cables attached to them and were mainly used to deter low-flying enemy aircraft from reaching or bombing an area. These defense balloons were used during World War I and II. For the short distance that Venice was from the battlefront they were fairly lucky in how little devastation took place during the war. During World War I Venice was always extremely nervous about their next-door neighbors, the Austrians, of attacking the maritime port, but the city never fell to enemy attack. There were very few bombing that occurred in Venice, and the deaths that did take place mainly happened during the â€Å"black-out† hours. These â€Å"black-out† hours would occur in hopes of minimizing the amount of light escaping outside. By doing this, the Venetians were making it very difficult for any sort of aerial attack to bomb their city, port, or boats off of visibility alone. These were the only significant negative effects even worth mentioning that occurred for the city of Venice during World War I. World War II was similar to World War I with regards to the significantly negative effects it had on the city of Venice, there were just about none. As opposed to the devastation that occurred throughout much of Italy, Venice got away pretty nicely. Yet again, the â€Å"blackout† hours when people would fall into the canal or injure themselves in other ways in the dark were one of the primary contributors to the death toll. It has been stated that Venice remained essentially untouched throughout the duration of the Second World War. However the minute losses that did occur, with exception of Germans capturing Jews, can be summed up in a few sentences. One or two windows were broken; a stray shell hit the tower of San Nicolo del Mendicoli as the Germans were retrateing; and the Tiepolo friezes in the Palazzo Labia were damaged when an ammunition ship exploded in the harbour. † Although the people of Venice saw little to none of the intense fighting, they were not as lucky to maintain an unconquered status during World War II as they had in World War I. For Germany, September 1943 was the beginning of a fairly short co ntrol over northern and central Italy that included Venice. Although Germany occupied Venice until April 28, 1945, very few deaths occurred to the Venetian citizens while in the city. â€Å"In the city itself a campaign of sabotage was followed by reprisals in which five men were shot in Cannaregio on July 8, 1944; some thirty partisans were executed later that month, followed on August 3 by seven hostages in Riva dell’Impero, called subsequently, in their memory, Riva dei Sette Martiri. † The most extensive part of the death toll came to the Jewish population in Venice with the presence of the Germans in 1943. The Venetians had historically tolerated the Jewish population up until about 1938 with the enactment of new racial laws. After the racial laws, persecution got so bad for the Jewish population, that they were laid off from their job, and grotesque signs were placed on businesses stating â€Å"Dogs and Jews Prohibited†. It only got worse from there after the Germans arrived in 1943, and the open persecution, capture, and killing of Jews from 1943 to 1945 took place. It has been estimated that approximately two hundred Jews were hunted down and sent to concentration camps in the mainland, with some even being deported to Auschwitz. You read "Fascism in Venice" in category "Essay examples" The Germans were so thorough in their cause to vaporize the Jewish population from the earth, they would even go to hospitals to retrieve mentally ill Jewish patients and send them to an early grave. It has been recorded that only eight of the two hundred Venetian Jews captured by the Germans were ever returned home again. The German’s vicious attempts to eliminate the Jewish population and the atrocities that ensued will never be forgotten. With that being said, Venice got out of not only World War I, but also World War II with an extremely minimal death count compared to the millions of lives that were lost as a consequence of the two wars. World War I and II both impacted Venice, but in a fairly nominal way when viewing the status of many other parts of Italy and the world. However, there were two very influential fascist characters that emerge as a product of World War I and are present throughout World War II. These two men are noteworthy fascist figures with one that called Venice a home for a period of his life and another that was a true Venetian. The first man, Gabriele D’Annunzio, assumed a position, as a fascist political figure in Venice, and he was well known even before fascism was created. D’Annunzio was not a native-born Venetian, but was fairly well known in Italy as a â€Å"poet, novelist, playwright, politician (right- and left-wing in rapid succession), and daring First World War pilot who led sorties against Vienna itself†. It was during World War I when D’Annunzio decided to establish his residence in Venice. When he was not contributing to the fighting he could be found at his home, that was located off of the Grand Canal, called Casetta delle Rose. D’Annunzio continues to have a presence in the fascist politics all the way until its eventual demise, but was most famous for his irredentist taking of Fiume, which is now present-day Rijeka in Croatia. He was angry that Fiume was not ceded to Italy by the Austrians at the end of World War I with the signing of the peace Treaty of Saint-Germain. D’Annunzio ruled over Fiume as a dictator until December of 1921, and it has been said that Benito Mussolini even â€Å"viewed D’Annunzio with a mixture of admiration and envy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  D’Annunzio was a fascist political figure that did not necessarily contribute much to the city of Venice as much as he was solely a constant reminder of the fascist presence. The second man that emerged from the outcome of World War I was an entrepreneurial man by the name of Giuseppe Volpi. Unlike D’Annunzio, Volpi was a native-born Venetian. He was born in Venice in 1877, and before he was thirty years old he had established the Societa Adriatica di Elettricita in the Palazzo Balbi on the Grand Canal, â€Å"which soon had a monopoly on the supply of electricity in the Veneto and Emilia-Romagna. † Along with his northeastern electricity monopoly, Volpi was constantly finding new ways to improve and advance Venetian industry. He would dabble in other industries that included petro-chemicals, iron, and shipping that significantly contributed to advancing Venetian industry, more specifically in Porto Marghera. Volpi’s success on top of his founding of Societa Adriatica di Elettricita was substantial; it has been recorded that he was a, â€Å"president or vice-president of twenty other companies, as a member of the boards of forty-six more, and as a major shareholder in over fifty. † During World War I Volpi was the head of a Committee for Industrial Mobilization where his project of turning the old Venetian fortress of Marghera into an industrial port and factory capable area. Volpi was quite successful in his project in Marghera. The area, prior to Volpi’s presence, only contained a thousand inhabitants in 1921. The growth of Marghera after Volpi’s intervening was exponential. â€Å"†¦Marghera had grown by 1940 to a town containing fifteen thousand workers in a hundred industries, and by 1967 to one of thirty-five thousand workers in 211 industries. † Volpi’s tremendous success as an entrepreneur and financial guru in northeast Italy, without fail, caught the attention of the Italian government. Volpi was awarded for his successes with the title and position as Governor of Tripoli. Soon after being deemed Governor, and already a standing member of the Fascist party, Volpi was put into office as Mussolini’s Minister of Finance in 1925. It has been stated that Volpi, â€Å"became one of the most successful administrators of the regime. † Three years after Volpi was positioned as Minister of Finance he resigned after disagreeing heavily with Mussolini on the â€Å"artificially high level at which the leader insisted on fixing the exchange rates, and never having become one of his close circle, he concentrated again on Venice and industry. Volpi was always a very influential fascist figure in Venice, but his greatest contribution to the success of the influence of the Fascist party and its cultural production came when he assumed the position as, â€Å"President of the reconstituted Esposizione Biennale Internazionale d’Arte in 1932. † This Exhibition, more commonly known as the Biennale, originated as nothing more than an Exhibition wi th strange occurrences such as a man’s face that was stuck in rigor mortis known as Supremo Convegno. In 1934, the Fascist government declared the once bi-annual event was to start taking place annually. The success of the Biennale was consistently growing after it was introduced as an annual event. In 1934, there were 41,000 people that showed up, in 1935, 38,500 people, in 1936, 50,000 attended, and in 1937, there was a staggering 60,000 participants. The Biennale by the year 1948 was considered to be one of the most important events in the entire world of art, and the Exhibition got to that point with the help of Giuseppe Volpi as he active President for twelve years. The international respect and publicity the Biennale gained each year was consistently growing. Countries would set up pavilions at the Biennale and present among them even during the Biennale’s early stages were Belgium, Britain, Germany, Hungary, France, Russia, Sweden, Spain, Czechoslovakia, and the United States. Even though the Biennale is an Exhibition where artwork is displayed, it has a sense of friend ly competition between countries for who can produce some of the best artwork. During one Biennale exhibition there were not only paintings by nearly all of the best Italian artists under Italy’s pavilion, but also works â€Å"by Picasso and Klee, by Chagall and Kokoschka. The French staged exhibitions by Braque, Rouault, and Maillol, the Belgians by Delvaux and Ensor, the British by Henry Moore. † The participation of artists as prestigious as these helped in securing the validity and existence of the Biennale as a true appreciation for art. There was even an exhibition for Impressionist artist and that same year there were ninety-eight Impressionist pieces of art. The Biennale was an exhibition that appears to be more of a friendly competition and get together between major countries of the world. All of the countries that have previously been at one another’s throats in prior wars all come together to participate in the Biennale that takes places in Venice, Italy. The Biennale brings together a magnitude of countries, despite their differences, and allows them to partake in a mutually pleasing and intellectually stimulating event. The importance of the Biennale is much greater than the sole criticizing of artistic works and abilities. The event brings together a variety of countries with extremely varying viewpoints and opinions to meet communally and peacefully. The Biennale during the presence of fascism and in attempting to be a useful tool of fascism held a much more substantial meaning than multiple countries coming together peacefully. It allowed for Italy to feel unified even if it was on the smallest cultural level of coming together for an art festival, and it also gave the Fascist party yet another opportunity to use propaganda towards the masses to their advantage. In 1932, Giuseppe Volpi was deemed the President of the Biennale and Mussolini was in his tenth year of his regime when, â€Å"a good number of prizes went to pictures of marching Blackshirts, dynamic cranes and planes, idealized Italian landscapes, and women and children saluting Il Duce. † Just prior to this particular Biennale of 1932, Volpi was an active member of the Fascist party, and was most recently the Minister of Finance for Mussolini and the Fascist party. Then again, in 1935 during the film festival aspect of the Biennale, prizes were awarded to Nazi, Soviet, and Palestinian-Zionist films. Volpi’s ability and willingness to give awards to fascist based artwork, regardless of actual artistic value, was no coincidence. Marla Stone describes Fascist Italy as presenting a paradox with regards to the cultural politics of the authoritarian and totalitarian regimes that reigned in Europe in the time period between World War I and World War II. She states that since, â€Å"No one style, school, or monument summarizes the patronage practices of the Fascist state. Rather, the official culture of Italian Fascism is best defined by its diversities, contradictions, and ambiguities. The culture that was present during fascism closely mirrors the culture of the United States, but with different ingredients. The United States is considered a melting pot with all of the diversities that are represented in the country. Fascist Italy creates its own form of a melting pot, but not with an abundance of ethnic diversity. The â€Å"official culture†, if there was a true  "official culture†, of Fascist Italy was composed of the differences between the Italian people geographically, politically, hierarchically, socially, and of course culturally. Therefore terms that have become popular when speaking of Fascist culture such as â€Å"Fascist realism† and â€Å"Mussolini modern† are irrelevant and inconceivable. Since the beginning of Mussolini’s regime he had always strived to obtain and maintain a mutually beneficial relationship with those who encompass the art world. Under Mussolini’s dictatorship artist were free from censorship as long as they were not openly and actively anti-Fascist, and in return, as a sign of their gratitude, many artists and architects would accept the Fascist regime’s patronage. Certain artists who defied Mussolini’s regime would end up with repercussions. Such is the case with a Venetian abstract painter, Armando Pizzinato, who was an avid member of the Italian Communist Party, and from September 1943 until the end of the war he fought with the partisans and did jail time for certain anti-Fascist activities. However, Pizzinato represents a small portion of the artistic community that was anti-Fascist. The majority of artists cooperated with the Fascist regime, and â€Å"the association between aret and the state was one of mutual recognition and legitimation. Mussolini and his mutually beneficial policies with the art world began to create a more central form of cultural production. Marla Stone refers to the outcome of the newly centralized form of cultural production as a cultural policy of â€Å"aesthetic pluralism – the Mussolini dictatorship’s practice of accepting and supporting a range of aesthetics†. This now meant that t here was a magnitude of â€Å"imageries and aesthetic formulations† that represented Fascism and â€Å"were a part of its cultural system, it imaginary and its aesthetic universe. The Fascist party was in a constant search to uncover a single Fascist rhetorical-aesthetic vision while at the same time combining â€Å"modern and avant-garde aesthetics, emerging mass cultural forms, and a discourse of natural culture to produce, during the 1930s, many dynamic and vibrant products. † The products such as exhibitions, fairs, and expositions, that the government produced and were heavily supported by the Fascist party, generated a considerable audience from the Italian population. More specifically speaking, the Biennale was a direct product of the cultural productivity that was being pursued by the Fascist party. Victoria De Grazia argues that the Fascist party was never able to obtain a singular aesthetic vision and identity due to its incapability to mobilize the masses, limits due to the party’s interests, and â€Å"†¦its appropriation of preexisting cultural forms and institutions, which precluded the formation of â€Å"total† Fascist identities†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" The introduction of Exhibitions such as the Biennale were a key component in Fascism’s political aesthetic vision considering the primary goal was to encompass the cultural sphere of Fascist Italy. In doing so, the Fascist party was hoping to unify Italy under a national culture. Exhibitions had multiple purposes to them while aiming to obtain a unified national culture: â€Å"(1) they were primary sites of state patronage; (2) they opened the social boundaries of culture to the mobilized masses; (3) they offered a location for the appropriation of the cultural identities and cultural capital of preexisting elites; and (4) they courted the participation of cultural producers. † The Venetian Biennale and other similar Exhibitions were, for the most part, good for everyone that attended regardless of party affiliation, social status, or job title. World War I, World War II, and the fascism that accompanies them individually had a lasting impact on the country of Italy. Venice, in particular, was not prone to mass amounts of devastation as a consequence of the World Wars. The Fascist presence in Venice was very strong even though the actions of the majority of its supporters were minimal. This problem of mobilizing the masses was not just a problem of Fascism’s in Venice, but throughout Italy. The best attempt Fascism had at completely unifying a Fascist Italian culture was through its support of state patronage in the Exhibitions such as the Biennale in Venice. The political differences, ambiguities, and varying class rank made it virtually impossible to create a single Italian culture under Fascism. However, the ability of the Fascist party to participate in state patronage and allow aesthetic pluralism allowed artists to maintain their careers and not have to alter their stylistic ways. The Fascist party did not succeed in creating their own cultural identity under Fascism, but they did allow for a hybrid-like culture to develop. Fascism did many terrible things for the country of Italy, but allowing the aesthetic pluralism to flourish aided unifying the country under one culture. Lucky for Italians it did not create a unified Fascist culture, but rather a hybrid culture unified due to the intervention of Fascism and the varying differences among the Italian people. Bibliography Ackroyd, Peter. Venice: Pure City. New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009. Print. Garrett, Martin. Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion. New York: Interlink, 2001. Print. Hibbert, Christopher. Venice: The Biography of a City. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989. Print. Reich, Jacqueline, and Piero Garofalo. Re-viewing Fascism: Italian Cinema, 1922-1943. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2002. Print. Stone, Marla. The Patron State: Culture Politics in Fascist Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998. Print. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 2 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 320 [ 3 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 48 [ 4 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 48 [ 5 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 144 [ 6 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 7 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 8 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 9 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 144 [ 10 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 11 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 12 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 13 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 14 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 15 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 316 [ 16 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 17 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 18 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 316-317 [ 19 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 20 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 21 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 22 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 23 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 24 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 25 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 26 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 27 ]. Jacqueline Reich and Piero Garofalo, Re-viewing Fascism: Italian Cinema, 1922-1943 (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2002), 294 [ 28 ]. Jacqueline Reich and Piero Garofalo, Re-viewing Fascism: Italian Cinema, 1922-1943 (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2002), 294 [ 29 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 318 [ 30 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 318 [ 31 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 319 [ 32 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 319 [ 33 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 47 [ 34 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 5 [ 35 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 36 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 37 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 38 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 39 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 5 [ 40 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 41 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 5 [ 42 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 6 [ 43 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 6 [ 44 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 14 [ 45 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 18 How to cite Fascism in Venice, Essay examples Fascism in Venice Free Essays string(94) " and sent to concentration camps in the mainland, with some even being deported to Auschwitz\." Ryan Johnson December 13, 2012 HIST 3400 Soper Venetian Fascism in the Shadow of Wars The qualities that compose fascism are debatable and endless. What is really important about fascism is how it attempted to succeed by influencing not only Venetian, but also Italian culture and society from the beginning of World War I until the end of World War II. Benito Mussolini when speaking on fascism stated that, â€Å"†¦For Fascism, the growth of empire, that is to say the expansion of the nation, is essential manifestation of vitality, and its opposite a sign of decadence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Enciclopedia Italiana, Handout). We will write a custom essay sample on Fascism in Venice or any similar topic only for you Order Now The success with which fascism had in expanding the nation is an argument for another time, but the ways they attempted to maintain the â€Å"essential manifestation of vitality† and challenged the boundaries of cultural society in hopes of success are well worth mentioning. Fascism did not have many cultural victories and this could be one aspect of an argument as to why it was a failure. However, one of fascisms greatest â€Å"cultural victories† in Italy can be viewed when studying the floating city of Venice and events that accompanied it. Fascism, as a whole, attempted to conquer in more ways than just obtaining land by means of military victory or tangible items as tokens of their success. As stated above by Mussolini himself, if fascism was indeed to succeed, it needed to support the growth of the Italian nation. The Fascist Party needed to not only influence the Italian people through propaganda, but also gain the support of the Italian nation while challenging the cultural and societal boundaries. In the years between World War I and World War II, fascism made attempting strides to try and create an aesthetic visual for the party, mainly by intervening in society and culture. All moves made by the fascists with regards to culture appeared to be solely instrumental and functional to gaining one hundred percent support of the population in favor of the dictatorship. The effects of World War I, World War II, and fascism can still be seen today in Venetian and Italian culture. World War I was a horrendous time for Italian soldiers fighting in the trenches. Venice was very close to the battle lines on the border with Austria-Hungary, just North of where they lie. Venetians could not only feel the constant threat from the Austrians, but also had a daily reminder when they stepped outside. Venice closed their port, for fear of attack, but they also had to deal with the fact that, â€Å"†¦barrage balloons could be seen†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Barrage balloons had long steel cables attached to them and were mainly used to deter low-flying enemy aircraft from reaching or bombing an area. These defense balloons were used during World War I and II. For the short distance that Venice was from the battlefront they were fairly lucky in how little devastation took place during the war. During World War I Venice was always extremely nervous about their next-door neighbors, the Austrians, of attacking the maritime port, but the city never fell to enemy attack. There were very few bombing that occurred in Venice, and the deaths that did take place mainly happened during the â€Å"black-out† hours. These â€Å"black-out† hours would occur in hopes of minimizing the amount of light escaping outside. By doing this, the Venetians were making it very difficult for any sort of aerial attack to bomb their city, port, or boats off of visibility alone. These were the only significant negative effects even worth mentioning that occurred for the city of Venice during World War I. World War II was similar to World War I with regards to the significantly negative effects it had on the city of Venice, there were just about none. As opposed to the devastation that occurred throughout much of Italy, Venice got away pretty nicely. Yet again, the â€Å"blackout† hours when people would fall into the canal or injure themselves in other ways in the dark were one of the primary contributors to the death toll. It has been stated that Venice remained essentially untouched throughout the duration of the Second World War. However the minute losses that did occur, with exception of Germans capturing Jews, can be summed up in a few sentences. One or two windows were broken; a stray shell hit the tower of San Nicolo del Mendicoli as the Germans were retrateing; and the Tiepolo friezes in the Palazzo Labia were damaged when an ammunition ship exploded in the harbour. † Although the people of Venice saw little to none of the intense fighting, they were not as lucky to maintain an unconquered status during World War II as they had in World War I. For Germany, September 1943 was the beginning of a fairly short co ntrol over northern and central Italy that included Venice. Although Germany occupied Venice until April 28, 1945, very few deaths occurred to the Venetian citizens while in the city. â€Å"In the city itself a campaign of sabotage was followed by reprisals in which five men were shot in Cannaregio on July 8, 1944; some thirty partisans were executed later that month, followed on August 3 by seven hostages in Riva dell’Impero, called subsequently, in their memory, Riva dei Sette Martiri. † The most extensive part of the death toll came to the Jewish population in Venice with the presence of the Germans in 1943. The Venetians had historically tolerated the Jewish population up until about 1938 with the enactment of new racial laws. After the racial laws, persecution got so bad for the Jewish population, that they were laid off from their job, and grotesque signs were placed on businesses stating â€Å"Dogs and Jews Prohibited†. It only got worse from there after the Germans arrived in 1943, and the open persecution, capture, and killing of Jews from 1943 to 1945 took place. It has been estimated that approximately two hundred Jews were hunted down and sent to concentration camps in the mainland, with some even being deported to Auschwitz. You read "Fascism in Venice" in category "Papers" The Germans were so thorough in their cause to vaporize the Jewish population from the earth, they would even go to hospitals to retrieve mentally ill Jewish patients and send them to an early grave. It has been recorded that only eight of the two hundred Venetian Jews captured by the Germans were ever returned home again. The German’s vicious attempts to eliminate the Jewish population and the atrocities that ensued will never be forgotten. With that being said, Venice got out of not only World War I, but also World War II with an extremely minimal death count compared to the millions of lives that were lost as a consequence of the two wars. World War I and II both impacted Venice, but in a fairly nominal way when viewing the status of many other parts of Italy and the world. However, there were two very influential fascist characters that emerge as a product of World War I and are present throughout World War II. These two men are noteworthy fascist figures with one that called Venice a home for a period of his life and another that was a true Venetian. The first man, Gabriele D’Annunzio, assumed a position, as a fascist political figure in Venice, and he was well known even before fascism was created. D’Annunzio was not a native-born Venetian, but was fairly well known in Italy as a â€Å"poet, novelist, playwright, politician (right- and left-wing in rapid succession), and daring First World War pilot who led sorties against Vienna itself†. It was during World War I when D’Annunzio decided to establish his residence in Venice. When he was not contributing to the fighting he could be found at his home, that was located off of the Grand Canal, called Casetta delle Rose. D’Annunzio continues to have a presence in the fascist politics all the way until its eventual demise, but was most famous for his irredentist taking of Fiume, which is now present-day Rijeka in Croatia. He was angry that Fiume was not ceded to Italy by the Austrians at the end of World War I with the signing of the peace Treaty of Saint-Germain. D’Annunzio ruled over Fiume as a dictator until December of 1921, and it has been said that Benito Mussolini even â€Å"viewed D’Annunzio with a mixture of admiration and envy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  D’Annunzio was a fascist political figure that did not necessarily contribute much to the city of Venice as much as he was solely a constant reminder of the fascist presence. The second man that emerged from the outcome of World War I was an entrepreneurial man by the name of Giuseppe Volpi. Unlike D’Annunzio, Volpi was a native-born Venetian. He was born in Venice in 1877, and before he was thirty years old he had established the Societa Adriatica di Elettricita in the Palazzo Balbi on the Grand Canal, â€Å"which soon had a monopoly on the supply of electricity in the Veneto and Emilia-Romagna. † Along with his northeastern electricity monopoly, Volpi was constantly finding new ways to improve and advance Venetian industry. He would dabble in other industries that included petro-chemicals, iron, and shipping that significantly contributed to advancing Venetian industry, more specifically in Porto Marghera. Volpi’s success on top of his founding of Societa Adriatica di Elettricita was substantial; it has been recorded that he was a, â€Å"president or vice-president of twenty other companies, as a member of the boards of forty-six more, and as a major shareholder in over fifty. † During World War I Volpi was the head of a Committee for Industrial Mobilization where his project of turning the old Venetian fortress of Marghera into an industrial port and factory capable area. Volpi was quite successful in his project in Marghera. The area, prior to Volpi’s presence, only contained a thousand inhabitants in 1921. The growth of Marghera after Volpi’s intervening was exponential. â€Å"†¦Marghera had grown by 1940 to a town containing fifteen thousand workers in a hundred industries, and by 1967 to one of thirty-five thousand workers in 211 industries. † Volpi’s tremendous success as an entrepreneur and financial guru in northeast Italy, without fail, caught the attention of the Italian government. Volpi was awarded for his successes with the title and position as Governor of Tripoli. Soon after being deemed Governor, and already a standing member of the Fascist party, Volpi was put into office as Mussolini’s Minister of Finance in 1925. It has been stated that Volpi, â€Å"became one of the most successful administrators of the regime. † Three years after Volpi was positioned as Minister of Finance he resigned after disagreeing heavily with Mussolini on the â€Å"artificially high level at which the leader insisted on fixing the exchange rates, and never having become one of his close circle, he concentrated again on Venice and industry. Volpi was always a very influential fascist figure in Venice, but his greatest contribution to the success of the influence of the Fascist party and its cultural production came when he assumed the position as, â€Å"President of the reconstituted Esposizione Biennale Internazionale d’Arte in 1932. † This Exhibition, more commonly known as the Biennale, originated as nothing more than an Exhibition wi th strange occurrences such as a man’s face that was stuck in rigor mortis known as Supremo Convegno. In 1934, the Fascist government declared the once bi-annual event was to start taking place annually. The success of the Biennale was consistently growing after it was introduced as an annual event. In 1934, there were 41,000 people that showed up, in 1935, 38,500 people, in 1936, 50,000 attended, and in 1937, there was a staggering 60,000 participants. The Biennale by the year 1948 was considered to be one of the most important events in the entire world of art, and the Exhibition got to that point with the help of Giuseppe Volpi as he active President for twelve years. The international respect and publicity the Biennale gained each year was consistently growing. Countries would set up pavilions at the Biennale and present among them even during the Biennale’s early stages were Belgium, Britain, Germany, Hungary, France, Russia, Sweden, Spain, Czechoslovakia, and the United States. Even though the Biennale is an Exhibition where artwork is displayed, it has a sense of friend ly competition between countries for who can produce some of the best artwork. During one Biennale exhibition there were not only paintings by nearly all of the best Italian artists under Italy’s pavilion, but also works â€Å"by Picasso and Klee, by Chagall and Kokoschka. The French staged exhibitions by Braque, Rouault, and Maillol, the Belgians by Delvaux and Ensor, the British by Henry Moore. † The participation of artists as prestigious as these helped in securing the validity and existence of the Biennale as a true appreciation for art. There was even an exhibition for Impressionist artist and that same year there were ninety-eight Impressionist pieces of art. The Biennale was an exhibition that appears to be more of a friendly competition and get together between major countries of the world. All of the countries that have previously been at one another’s throats in prior wars all come together to participate in the Biennale that takes places in Venice, Italy. The Biennale brings together a magnitude of countries, despite their differences, and allows them to partake in a mutually pleasing and intellectually stimulating event. The importance of the Biennale is much greater than the sole criticizing of artistic works and abilities. The event brings together a variety of countries with extremely varying viewpoints and opinions to meet communally and peacefully. The Biennale during the presence of fascism and in attempting to be a useful tool of fascism held a much more substantial meaning than multiple countries coming together peacefully. It allowed for Italy to feel unified even if it was on the smallest cultural level of coming together for an art festival, and it also gave the Fascist party yet another opportunity to use propaganda towards the masses to their advantage. In 1932, Giuseppe Volpi was deemed the President of the Biennale and Mussolini was in his tenth year of his regime when, â€Å"a good number of prizes went to pictures of marching Blackshirts, dynamic cranes and planes, idealized Italian landscapes, and women and children saluting Il Duce. † Just prior to this particular Biennale of 1932, Volpi was an active member of the Fascist party, and was most recently the Minister of Finance for Mussolini and the Fascist party. Then again, in 1935 during the film festival aspect of the Biennale, prizes were awarded to Nazi, Soviet, and Palestinian-Zionist films. Volpi’s ability and willingness to give awards to fascist based artwork, regardless of actual artistic value, was no coincidence. Marla Stone describes Fascist Italy as presenting a paradox with regards to the cultural politics of the authoritarian and totalitarian regimes that reigned in Europe in the time period between World War I and World War II. She states that since, â€Å"No one style, school, or monument summarizes the patronage practices of the Fascist state. Rather, the official culture of Italian Fascism is best defined by its diversities, contradictions, and ambiguities. The culture that was present during fascism closely mirrors the culture of the United States, but with different ingredients. The United States is considered a melting pot with all of the diversities that are represented in the country. Fascist Italy creates its own form of a melting pot, but not with an abundance of ethnic diversity. The â€Å"official culture†, if there was a true  "official culture†, of Fascist Italy was composed of the differences between the Italian people geographically, politically, hierarchically, socially, and of course culturally. Therefore terms that have become popular when speaking of Fascist culture such as â€Å"Fascist realism† and â€Å"Mussolini modern† are irrelevant and inconceivable. Since the beginning of Mussolini’s regime he had always strived to obtain and maintain a mutually beneficial relationship with those who encompass the art world. Under Mussolini’s dictatorship artist were free from censorship as long as they were not openly and actively anti-Fascist, and in return, as a sign of their gratitude, many artists and architects would accept the Fascist regime’s patronage. Certain artists who defied Mussolini’s regime would end up with repercussions. Such is the case with a Venetian abstract painter, Armando Pizzinato, who was an avid member of the Italian Communist Party, and from September 1943 until the end of the war he fought with the partisans and did jail time for certain anti-Fascist activities. However, Pizzinato represents a small portion of the artistic community that was anti-Fascist. The majority of artists cooperated with the Fascist regime, and â€Å"the association between aret and the state was one of mutual recognition and legitimation. Mussolini and his mutually beneficial policies with the art world began to create a more central form of cultural production. Marla Stone refers to the outcome of the newly centralized form of cultural production as a cultural policy of â€Å"aesthetic pluralism – the Mussolini dictatorship’s practice of accepting and supporting a range of aesthetics†. This now meant that t here was a magnitude of â€Å"imageries and aesthetic formulations† that represented Fascism and â€Å"were a part of its cultural system, it imaginary and its aesthetic universe. The Fascist party was in a constant search to uncover a single Fascist rhetorical-aesthetic vision while at the same time combining â€Å"modern and avant-garde aesthetics, emerging mass cultural forms, and a discourse of natural culture to produce, during the 1930s, many dynamic and vibrant products. † The products such as exhibitions, fairs, and expositions, that the government produced and were heavily supported by the Fascist party, generated a considerable audience from the Italian population. More specifically speaking, the Biennale was a direct product of the cultural productivity that was being pursued by the Fascist party. Victoria De Grazia argues that the Fascist party was never able to obtain a singular aesthetic vision and identity due to its incapability to mobilize the masses, limits due to the party’s interests, and â€Å"†¦its appropriation of preexisting cultural forms and institutions, which precluded the formation of â€Å"total† Fascist identities†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" The introduction of Exhibitions such as the Biennale were a key component in Fascism’s political aesthetic vision considering the primary goal was to encompass the cultural sphere of Fascist Italy. In doing so, the Fascist party was hoping to unify Italy under a national culture. Exhibitions had multiple purposes to them while aiming to obtain a unified national culture: â€Å"(1) they were primary sites of state patronage; (2) they opened the social boundaries of culture to the mobilized masses; (3) they offered a location for the appropriation of the cultural identities and cultural capital of preexisting elites; and (4) they courted the participation of cultural producers. † The Venetian Biennale and other similar Exhibitions were, for the most part, good for everyone that attended regardless of party affiliation, social status, or job title. World War I, World War II, and the fascism that accompanies them individually had a lasting impact on the country of Italy. Venice, in particular, was not prone to mass amounts of devastation as a consequence of the World Wars. The Fascist presence in Venice was very strong even though the actions of the majority of its supporters were minimal. This problem of mobilizing the masses was not just a problem of Fascism’s in Venice, but throughout Italy. The best attempt Fascism had at completely unifying a Fascist Italian culture was through its support of state patronage in the Exhibitions such as the Biennale in Venice. The political differences, ambiguities, and varying class rank made it virtually impossible to create a single Italian culture under Fascism. However, the ability of the Fascist party to participate in state patronage and allow aesthetic pluralism allowed artists to maintain their careers and not have to alter their stylistic ways. The Fascist party did not succeed in creating their own cultural identity under Fascism, but they did allow for a hybrid-like culture to develop. Fascism did many terrible things for the country of Italy, but allowing the aesthetic pluralism to flourish aided unifying the country under one culture. Lucky for Italians it did not create a unified Fascist culture, but rather a hybrid culture unified due to the intervention of Fascism and the varying differences among the Italian people. Bibliography Ackroyd, Peter. Venice: Pure City. New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009. Print. Garrett, Martin. Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion. New York: Interlink, 2001. Print. Hibbert, Christopher. Venice: The Biography of a City. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989. Print. Reich, Jacqueline, and Piero Garofalo. Re-viewing Fascism: Italian Cinema, 1922-1943. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2002. Print. Stone, Marla. The Patron State: Culture Politics in Fascist Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998. Print. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 2 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 320 [ 3 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 48 [ 4 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 48 [ 5 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 144 [ 6 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 7 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 8 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 9 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 144 [ 10 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 11 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 12 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 13 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 14 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 15 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 316 [ 16 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 17 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 18 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 316-317 [ 19 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 20 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 21 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 22 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 23 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 24 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 25 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 26 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 27 ]. Jacqueline Reich and Piero Garofalo, Re-viewing Fascism: Italian Cinema, 1922-1943 (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2002), 294 [ 28 ]. Jacqueline Reich and Piero Garofalo, Re-viewing Fascism: Italian Cinema, 1922-1943 (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2002), 294 [ 29 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 318 [ 30 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 318 [ 31 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 319 [ 32 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 319 [ 33 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 47 [ 34 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 5 [ 35 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 36 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 37 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 38 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 39 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 5 [ 40 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 41 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 5 [ 42 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 6 [ 43 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 6 [ 44 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 14 [ 45 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 18 How to cite Fascism in Venice, Papers